The chambers were built on Koboh during the High Republic Era and used by many Jedi to train. Around 9 BBY, after the fall of the Jedi Order, Cal Kestis, one of the last Jedi Knights, visited the Chamber of Duality. There he found the droid ZN-A4 who helped him on his mission to find the planet Tanalorr inside the Koboh Abyss.
The Chamber of Duality, the Chamber of Clarity and the Chamber of Fortitude were all located in the Rambler's Reach Valley. The Chamber of Reason was lovated in the Basalt Forest. The Chamber of Detachment was located in the region named Prospector's Folly and the Chamber of Connection was located in a region called Viscid Bog. An unidentified Jedi Chamber was located in the Stone Spires.
The Jedi Chambers first appeared in the 2023 video game Star Wars Jedi: Survivor. The Chamber of Duality is relevant to the game's story, the rest isn't.